Supplementary material

S1 Effort

Important

Note logarithmic colour scale!

Survey effort in km ship transect per European 10 \(\times\) 10 km reference grid cell together with the German Exclusive Economic Zone. Note logarithmic colour scale.

Survey effort in km ship transect per day of the year.

S2 Observation data

Important

Note logarithmic colour scale!

Map showing the total number of observed individuals per 10 \(\times\) 10 km reference grid cell. Note logarithmic colour scale.

In [1]:

library(dplyr)

Attache Paket: 'dplyr'

Die folgenden Objekte sind maskiert von 'package:stats':

    filter, lag

Die folgenden Objekte sind maskiert von 'package:base':

    intersect, setdiff, setequal, union

library(gt)

o <- read.csv("../results/overview.csv") |>
  mutate(Species = paste0(Species, " *", Name, "*")) |>
  select(-Name)

In [2]:

o |>
  gt(groupname_col = "region", row_group_as_column = TRUE) |>
  fmt_markdown() |>
  tab_options(table.font.size = 12)

In [3]:

Observation data for all observed taxa in the North and Baltic Sea, reporting the migration type, the number of observations, total individual counts, and maximum flock size (Max).

	Species	type	Observations	Individuals	Max
North Sea	Passeriformes sp.	both	1255	4668	140
	Meadow pipit Anthus pratensis	day	813	2551	90
	Barn swallow Hirundo rustica	day	778	1320	25
	Common starling Sturnus vulgaris	day	450	10545	2000
	Western house martin Delichon urbicum	day	135	222	6
	White wagtail Motacilla alba	day	118	153	4
	Eurasian skylark Alauda arvensis	both	111	308	19
	Eurasian chaffinch Fringilla coelebs	day	95	968	300
	Anthus sp.	both	72	221	19
	Fieldfare Turdus pilaris	night	65	271	63
	Redwing Turdus iliacus	night	56	265	86
	Turdus sp.	night	54	437	90
	Song thrush Turdus philomelos	night	53	104	12
	Common blackbird Turdus merula	night	49	95	26
	European robin Erithacus rubecula	night	45	55	3
	Northern wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe	night	39	44	3
	Common reed bunting Emberiza schoeniclus	night	36	69	7
	Western yellow wagtail Motacilla flava	day	24	49	14
	Carrion crow Corvus corone	day	23	29	2
	Brambling Fringilla montifringilla	day	21	40	12
	Hirundinidae sp.	day	18	24	3
	Common linnet Linaria cannabina	day	16	53	10
	Willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus	night	16	20	2
	Fringillidae sp.	day	15	108	45
	Eurasian wren Troglodytes troglodytes	night	14	15	2
	Dunnock Prunella modularis	day	13	15	2
	European greenfinch Chloris chloris	day	11	28	12
	Goldcrest Regulus regulus	both	11	12	2
	Eurasian siskin Spinus spinus	day	10	86	35
	Corvus sp.	day	10	16	5
	Corvus corone/cornix	day	10	17	3
	Common chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita	night	10	10	1
	Rook Corvus frugilegus	day	7	11	4
	Common redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus	night	7	11	3
	Motacilla sp.	day	7	7	1
	Eurasian blackcap Sylvia atricapilla	night	6	6	1
	Black redstart Phoenicurus ochruros	night	6	8	3
	Sand martin Riparia riparia	day	6	14	8
	Western jackdaw Coloeus monedula	day	5	27	12
	Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella	both	4	5	2
	Snow bunting Plectrophenax nivalis	both	4	4	1
	Great tit Parus major	day	4	4	1
	Phylloscopus sp.	night	4	4	1
	Grey wagtail Motacilla cinerea	day	4	4	1
	Tree pipit Anthus trivialis	night	4	4	1
	European goldfinch Carduelis carduelis	day	3	13	7
	Hooded crow Corvus cornix	day	3	6	2
	Eurasian blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus	day	3	3	1
	European rock pipit Anthus petrosus	both	3	3	1
	Alaudidae sp.	both	3	10	8
	Acanthis flammea/cabaret	day	2	4	3
	European pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca	night	2	2	1
	European stonechat Saxicola rubicola	night	2	2	1
	Motacilla alba alba	day	2	2	1
	Horned lark Eremophila alpestris	both	2	3	2
	Emberiza sp.	both	1	1	1
	Red crossbill Loxia curvirostra	day	1	3	3
	European serin Serinus serinus	day	1	1	1
	Red-backed shrike Lanius collurio	night	1	1	1
	Spotted flycatcher Muscicapa striata	night	1	1	1
	Regulus sp.	both	1	1	1
	Common whitethroat Curruca communis	night	1	1	1
	Mistle thrush Turdus viscivorus	night	1	1	1
	Whinchat Saxicola rubetra	night	1	2	2
Anthus petrosus/spinoletta		1	1	1
Baltic Sea	Passeriformes sp.	both	421	2056	150
	Eurasian skylark Alauda arvensis	both	307	820	26
	Barn swallow Hirundo rustica	day	219	457	17
	Common starling Sturnus vulgaris	day	100	818	120
	Carrion crow Corvus corone	day	94	153	12
	Rook Corvus frugilegus	day	82	2121	800
	Meadow pipit Anthus pratensis	day	70	177	12
	Hooded crow Corvus cornix	day	62	117	13
	Eurasian chaffinch Fringilla coelebs	day	59	266	45
	White wagtail Motacilla alba	day	51	71	5
	Corvus corone/cornix	day	37	110	63
	Corvus sp.	day	30	122	45
	Eurasian siskin Spinus spinus	day	28	260	35
	Western yellow wagtail Motacilla flava	day	14	18	5
	Eurasian blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus	day	13	39	15
	Western house martin Delichon urbicum	day	12	38	9
	Sand martin Riparia riparia	day	12	41	9
	Western jackdaw Coloeus monedula	day	11	185	102
	European robin Erithacus rubecula	night	11	14	4
	European goldfinch Carduelis carduelis	day	10	35	20
	Great tit Parus major	day	9	33	18
	European greenfinch Chloris chloris	day	8	55	25
	Fringillidae sp.	day	8	94	45
	Turdus sp.	night	8	25	14
	Common blackbird Turdus merula	night	7	8	2
	Anthus sp.	both	7	17	5
	Brambling Fringilla montifringilla	day	6	11	4
	Snow bunting Plectrophenax nivalis	both	5	12	7
	Northern raven Corvus corax	day	5	7	2
	Goldcrest Regulus regulus	both	5	14	10
	Eurasian wren Troglodytes troglodytes	night	5	5	1
	Alaudidae sp.	both	5	10	4
	Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella	both	4	10	5
	Common linnet Linaria cannabina	day	4	26	13
	Song thrush Turdus philomelos	night	4	7	3
	Fieldfare Turdus pilaris	night	4	10	6
	Woodlark Lullula arborea	both	4	6	2
	Eurasian bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula	day	3	3	1
	Acanthis flammea/cabaret	day	3	8	6
	Tree pipit Anthus trivialis	night	3	17	13
	Redwing Turdus iliacus	night	2	4	3
	Grey wagtail Motacilla cinerea	day	2	2	1
	Hirundinidae sp.	day	2	11	8
	Common reed bunting Emberiza schoeniclus	night	1	1	1
	Paridae sp.	day	1	3	3
	Willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus	night	1	1	1
	Common chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita	night	1	1	1
	Icterine warbler Hippolais icterina	night	1	1	1
	Mistle thrush Turdus viscivorus	night	1	1	1
	Ring ouzel Turdus torquatus	night	1	2	2
	European stonechat Saxicola rubicola	night	1	1	1
	Black redstart Phoenicurus ochruros	night	1	1	1
	Motacilla sp.	day	1	1	1
	European rock pipit Anthus petrosus	both	1	1	1

S3 Abundance throughout the year

Animated daily maps of songbird migration intensity across the German North Sea (west) and Baltic Sea (east). For each day of the year, posterior predictions are displayed for every European 10 \(\times\) 10 km reference grid cell and expressed as the number of birds observed per 100 km of ship transect. The German EEZ is outlined in thin black.

S4 Most common species

Important

Note different colour scales!

Abundance maps of songbird migration intensity for the four most common species across the German North Sea (western portion of the map) and the Baltic Sea (eastern portion), derived from ship-based survey data. Posterior predictions represent species-specific peak autumn migration for each European 10 \(\times\) 10 km reference grid cell, expressed as the number of birds observed per 100 km of ship transect. Note different colour scales.

Relationship between distance to the coast and migration intensity, measured as the number of songbirds observed per 100 km ship transect for the four most common species. Curves show 100 posterior predictions for expected outcome values, the locations of Helgoland and Dogger Bank are indicated for reference. Note that the y-axis is scaled logarithmically.

S5 Daytime and nighttime migrants

Important

Note different colour scales!

Abundance maps of songbird migration intensity for daytime (upper) and nighttime (lower) migrants across the German North Sea (western portion of the maps) and the Baltic Sea (eastern portion), derived from ship-based survey data. Posterior predictions represent peak autumn migration for each European 10 \(\times\) 10 km reference grid cell, expressed as the number of birds observed per 100 km of ship transect. Note different colours scales.

Relationship between distance to the coast and migration intensity, measured as the number of songbirds observed per 100 km ship transect for daytime and nighttime migrants. Curves show 100 posterior predictions for expected outcome values, the locations of Helgoland and Dogger Bank are indicated for reference. Note that the y-axis is scaled logarithmically.